北半球的气候类型_北半球气候类型分布模式图

2024-08-04 11:58:03

1.下面两图中，甲图是北半球气候类型分布模式图，乙图表示在不同纬度的四地垂直竖立高度相同的旗杆，正午时

2.右图为世界气候类型分布模式示意图，以北半球为例。读图完成题。小题1:⑤气候类型的气候特点是(　　)

3.一北半球为例,自赤道向极低,大陆东岸和大陆西岸分别有哪些气候类型分布?

4.全部位于北半球的大洲是什么

5.下图中，左图是“北半球气候类型分布模式图”，右图表示四个地区的气温年内变化和年降水量情况。据此回答

北半球的气候类型_北半球气候类型分布模式图

A热带雨林气候大致分布在南北纬10°之间的地区，包括非洲的刚果盆地和几内亚湾沿岸，亚洲的马来半岛南部、马来群岛的大部，南美洲的亚马孙河平原等地区．由于常年在赤道低压控制下，年均温26℃左右，年降水量2000毫米以上，各月降水量比较均匀．B热带沙漠气候主要分布在南北回归线经过的内陆地区以及大陆的西岸地区，以非洲北部的撒哈拉沙漠地区最为广大．C亚热带季风气候大致分布在北纬25°～35°的亚欧大陆东岸．气候特点是气温有明显的季节变化，夏热、冬温．冬季盛行偏北风，受极地大陆气团影响，降水减少；夏季盛行偏南风，受热带海洋气团影响，多雨．D温带海洋性气候主要分布在中纬地区的大陆西岸，以欧洲西部最为典型．由于这些地方常年受到来自海洋的西风影响，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，一年内降水均匀，适宜于人类居住和生活，多为人口密集区．E寒带气候主要分布在极圈以内．

故答案为：热带雨林气候；热带沙漠气候；亚热带季风气候；温带海洋性气候；寒带气候．

下面两图中，甲图是北半球气候类型分布模式图，乙图表示在不同纬度的四地垂直竖立高度相同的旗杆，正午时

世界主要气候类型及特点如下：

1、热带沙漠气候：全年高温，炎热干燥，极少下雨。

2、地中海气候：夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨。

3、热带（稀树）草原气候：全年高温，一年分干、湿两季。

4、热带雨林气候：全年高温多雨。

5、热带季风气候：全年高温，一年分旱、雨两季。

6、亚热带季风和亚热带湿润气候：夏季高温多雨，冬季温和少雨。

7、温带海洋性气候：全年温和多雨。

8、温带季风气候：夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷干燥。

9、温带大陆性气候：冬寒夏热，年温差较大，干旱少雨，降水稀少且集中在夏季。

10、亚寒带针叶林气候：冬季长而严寒，夏季短而凉爽，降水稀少且集中在夏季。

11、极地苔原气候：冬长而严寒，夏短而低温，降水稀少且集中在最热的月份。

12、极地冰原气候：全年酷寒，降水极少，大部分不足100毫米。

13、高原山地气候：气候垂直变化明显，气温随海拔加而减，随海拔减而加。（一般海拔每升高100米，气温降低0.6℃。）全年低温，年气温差较小，日较差大。

右图为世界气候类型分布模式示意图，以北半球为例。读图完成题。小题1:⑤气候类型的气候特点是(　　)

小题1:A

小题2:B

试题分析：

小题1:由单一气压带或风带控制而形成是热带雨林气候和温带海洋性气候；由气压带或风带交替控制而形成的气候类型是地中海气候、热带草原气候。故选A。

小题2:甲图中d气候是热带沙漠气候，且位于北半球。太阳直射南回归线时，正午时太阳高度最小，太阳位于正南方，影子位于正北方，是一年中影子最长的时刻。对应④。太阳直射点向北移动直到北回归线过程中，旗杆影子位于正北方长度逐渐缩短当太阳位于正上方时旗杆投影为零，太阳直射点位于北回归线时旗杆投影朝南。对应③。

点评：本题难度一般，属基础性试题，综合性较强，区分度高，需要学生有扎实的地理功底。解答本试题要注意从题目中提炼地理信息。解题需要把握以下几点：①能根据纬度位置和海陆位置判断全球气候类型的分布及成因；②结合气压带和风带的移动判断对气候类型的影响；③能结合气候类型得出对应自然带。④根据太阳直射点的移动规律判断该地正午的杆影方向。

一北半球为例,自赤道向极低,大陆东岸和大陆西岸分别有哪些气候类型分布?

小题1:A

小题2:B

试题分析：

小题1:⑤在30°N-40°N大陆西岸，为地中海气候，夏季受副热带高压控制，炎热干燥，冬季受西风带控制，温和多雨。

小题2:④在40°N-60°N大陆西岸，为温带海洋性气候，据气压带和风带位置，知此范围内终年受西风带控制，全年温和湿润。

点评：本题难度较小，解答本题的关键是掌握世界主要气候类型特点、成因、分布规律。另外学生还需掌握气候类型与自然带的一一对应关系。

规律方法世界气候特点、成因、分布

类型

分布规律

分布地区

主要特点

形成原因

植被

农业生产

热带雨林气候

南北纬10°之间

亚马孙平原、刚果盆地、马来群岛

终年高温多雨，2000mm以上

终年赤道低压控制，盛行上升气流

热带雨林

水稻种植、热带经济作物，全年可耕作

热带草原气候

南北纬10-南北回归线

大陆内部和西岸

非洲、南美洲、大洋洲

终年高温，干湿两季，700-1000 mm

赤道低压带和信风带交替控制

热带草原

畜牧业为主，种植业以小麦为主，湿播旱收

热带沙漠气候

南北回归线-南北纬30°大陆内部和西岸

北非、阿拉伯半岛、澳大利亚、墨西哥等

终年高温少雨，250mm以下

副高或信风带控制

热带沙漠

绿洲农业、畜牧业

热带季风气候

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全部位于北半球的大洲是什么

赤道附近是热带雨林气候，0-10度，大陆东岸：10-25是热带季风气候，25-35亚热带季风，35-55温带季风，大陆西岸：10-20热带草原，20-30热带沙漠，30-40地中海气候，40-60温带海洋性气候。30-60大陆内部，温带大陆性气候。再往北，大陆东西岸气候相同，随着纬度的增高，一次为亚寒带针叶林气候，苔原气候，冰原气候

下图中，左图是“北半球气候类型分布模式图”，右图表示四个地区的气温年内变化和年降水量情况。据此回答

全部位于北半球的大洲是欧洲和北美洲。

1、欧洲：位于东半球的西北部，是世界第六大洲，包括44个国家和领土。在地理位置上，欧洲大部分地区位于北半球，只有几个国家如俄罗斯和白俄罗斯位于南半球。这使得欧洲成为世界上人口第三多的大洲，同时也是面积最小的大洲中人口最多的一个。

2、北美洲：位于西半球的北部，包括加拿大、美国、墨西哥、格陵兰岛等国家和地区。北美洲大部分地区也位于北半球，只有一些加勒比海地区的岛屿如巴哈马、波多黎各等位于南半球。北美洲是世界第三大洲，也是世界上人口第三多的大洲。

除了欧洲和北美洲，其他大洲如亚洲、非洲、南美洲和南极洲都有部分或全部位于南半球。这些大洲中的许多国家和地区都有着自己独特的特点和风土人情，吸引着众多游客前来探索。

北半球的气候类型：

1、北半球的热带气候包括热带雨林气候、热带季风气候和热带沙漠气候等。这些气候类型的地区通常有强烈的阳光辐射，气温高且降雨量较多。

2、北半球的温带气候包括温带海洋性气候、温带大陆性气候和温带季风气候等。这些气候类型的地区气温较为温和，降雨量适中。其中，温带海洋性气候地区四季分明，夏季凉爽，冬季温暖多雨；温带大陆性气候地区则全年干燥，气温日较差和年较差都较大；温带季风气候地区则四季分明，夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷干燥。

3、北半球的亚热带气候包括亚热带湿润气候和亚热带沙漠气候等。这些气候类型的地区通常有较高的气温和较少的降雨量。亚热带湿润气候地区四季分明，夏季高温多雨，冬季温和少雨；亚热带沙漠气候地区则全年干燥，降雨稀少。

4、北半球的寒带气候包括极地苔原气候和极地冰原气候等。这些气候类型的地区气温极低，且大部分时间都是冰雪覆盖。

小题1:C

小题2:A